SPIRITUALITY AND RESILIENCE OF FORMER DRUG ADDICTS
Abstract
Having the status as a former drug addict who has served his sentence and rehabilitation, it seems that he faces two biggest challenges when returning to society, namely negative stigma and relapse. When facing the challenges of life in society, the ability to renew oneself is needed which is related to spirituality and resilience. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spirituality and resilience in former drug addicts. The method used was quantitative with a correlational design. A total of 55 former drug addicts became participants using incidental sampling techniques. The research measurement used a spirituality scale (? = 0.855) and a resilience scale (? = 0.930). The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between spirituality and resilience in former drug addicts (r = 0.903 and sig. = 0.000; p <0.01). Spirituality made a strong contribution to the resilience of former drug addicts by 81.5%. (r²). This indicates that spirituality is one of the triggering factors for former drug addicts to be resilient, which includes connectedness with oneself, connectedness with other people or nature, and connectedness with transcendental powers.
References
Atannisa, I. M., Rusmana, N., & Budiman, N. (2019). Kemampuan adaptasi positif melalui resiliensi. Journal of Innovative Counseling: Theory, Practice, and Research, 3(02), 70-75.
Azwan., Herlina.,& Karim, D. (2015). Hubungan sosial teman sebaya dengan kualitas hidup lansia di panti sosial Tresna Werdha. JOM 2(2).
Azwar. (2017). Metode penelitian psikologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar
Bahar, R. N. A. (2016). Peran spiritualitas dan kepuasan hidup terhadap kualitas hidup pada wirausahawan muda. Humanitas: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 13(2), 122-134.
BNN. Laporan akuntabilitas badan narkotika nasional tahun 2018 -2020
Campbell-Sills, L. & Stein, M. B. (2007). Psychometric analysis and refinement of the connor-davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress 20(6), 1019-1028.
Carneiro, E. M., Navinchandra, S. A., Vento, L., Pessato, R. P., & Borges, M. D. F. T. (2019). Religiousness/spirituality, resilience and burnout in employees of a public hospital in Brazil. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(2). DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018- 0691-2
Cherry, K. E., Sampson, L., Galea, S., Marks, L. D., Stanko, K. E., Nezat, P. F., & Baudoin, K. H. (2018). Spirituality, humor, and resilience after natural and technological disasters. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 50(5), 492–501. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/jnu.12400
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003).Development of a new resilience scale: the connordavidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Journal Of Depression And Anxiety. Vol 18: 76-82.
Das, S., Punnoose, V. P., Doval, N., & Nair, V. Y. (2018). Spirituality, religiousness and coping in patients with schizophrenia: A cross sectional study in a tertiary care hospital. Psychiatry Research, 265, 238–243. https:/ /doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.0 30
Emmons, R. A. 2000. Is spirituality an intelligence? motivation, cognition, and the psychology of ultimate concern. International Journal for The Psychology, 10(1).
Fachrunnisa, O., Adhiatma, A., & Tjahjono, H. K. (2019). Collective engagement and spiritual wellbeing in knowledge based community: A conceptual model. In Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems Springer, Cham 34 Volume 1 No. 1 Desember 2021 https://journal.unindra.ac.id/index.php/jagaddhita (pp. 899–906). https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-030-22354-0
Ferry Grin (2016). Menghapus stigma negatif masyarakat terhadap pengguna narkoba. Diakses dari https://dedihumas.bnn.go.id/ read/section/artikel/2016/10/11/2320/ menghapus-stigma-negatif-masyarakat terhadap-pengguna-narkoba
Finley, R. S. (2018). Reflection, resilience, relationships, and gratitude. The Bulletin of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 75(16), 1185-1190.
Fraser, S., Moore, D., Farrugia, A., Edwards, M., & Madden, A. (2020). Exclusion and hospitality: the subtle dynamics of stigma in healthcare access for people emerging from alcohol and other drug treatment. Sociology of Health & Illness, 42(8), 1801-1820.
Fuster, Valentin. (2014). The power of resilience. Journal of the American College Of Cardiology, 64 (8), 840-842. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.013.
Gatt, J. M., Alexander, R., Emond, A., Foster, K., Hadfield, K., Mason-Jones, A., ..., & Wu, Q. (2020). Trauma, resilience, and mental health in migrant and immigrant youth: An international cross-sectional study across six countries. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00997
George-Edwards, L. L. (2019). The relationships among spirituality, religious coping, and resilience in Northern Appalachian displaced workers [Grand Canyon University].
Graham, S., Furr, S., Flowers, C. &. Burke, M. T. 2001. Religion and Spirituality in Coping with Stress. Journal of Counseling and Values, 46
Grotberg, E. H. (1995). The international resilience project: promoting resilience in
Hendriani, Wiwin. (2018). Resiliensi psikologis sebuah pengantar. Jakarta: PRENADA MEDIA GROUP
Hersberger, J. (2012). Resilience theory, information behaviour and social support
Hesketh, I., Ivy, J., & Smith, J. (2014). Keeping the peeling spirit: Resilience and spirituality in policing. The Police Journal, 87(3), 154–166. https://doi.org/
in everyday life. Advances in Experimental Psychology, 31 (2),1-77.
Jones, K., Simpson, G. K., Briggs, L., & Dorsett, P. (2016). Does spirituality facilitate adjustment and resilience among individuals and families after SCI? Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(10), 921–935. https://doi.org/10.3109/ 09638288.2015.1066884
Khosravi, M., & Nikmanesh, Z. (2014). Relationship of spiritual intelligence with resilience and perceived stress. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioural sciences, 8(4), 52.
Lee, S. Y., Tung, H. H., Peng, L. N., Chen, L. K., Hsu, C. I., & Huang, Y. L. (2020). Resilience among older cardiovascular disease patients with probable sarcopenia. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.archger.2019.103939
Liesto, S., Sipilä, R., Aho, T., Harno, H., Hietanen, M., & Kalso, E. (2020). Psychological resilience is associated with pain experienced in women treated for breast cancer. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain2019-0137
McClain-Jacobson, C., Rosenfeld, B., Kosinski, A., Pessin, H., Cimino, J.E., & Breitbart, W. 2004. Belief in an afterlife, spiritual well-being and end-of-life despair in patients with advanced cancer. General Hospital Psychiatry 26, 484– 486
Meezenbroek,dkk. (2012). Measuring spirituality as a universal human experience: development of the spiritual attitude and involvement List (SAIL). Journal of psychosocial oncology
Missazi, V., dan Izzati, I. D.C. (2019). Faktor-faktor resiliensi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Magister Psikologi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Hal. 433-441
Nahri, D. Y. (2021, December). Resiliensi spiritual di masa pandemi covid-19 perspektif al-qur’an. In ICONIS: International Conference on Islamic Studies (Vol. 5, pp. 199-214).
Ozawa, C., Suzuki, T., Mizuno, Y., Tarumi, R., Yoshida, K., Fujii, K., Hirano, J., …, & Uchida, H. (2017). Resilience and spirituality in patients with depression and their family members: A cross-sectional study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 77, 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.002
Palacio, C., & Limonero, J. T. (2020). The relationship between the positive aspects of caring and the personal growth of caregivers of patients with the advanced oncological illness. Supportive Care in Cancer, 28(7), 3007-3013.
Panigrahi, G. S., & Suar, D. (2021). Resilience among survivors in the aftermath of the 2018 Kerala flood: An avenue toward recovery. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 64, 102477.
Permana, D. (2018). Peran spiritualitas dalam meningkatkan resiliensi pada residen narkoba. Syifa Al-Qulub, 2(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.15575/saq.v2i2.2972
Pertiwi, M. (2011). Dimensi religiusitas dan resiliensi pada residen narkoba di Bnn Lido.
Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five?factor model. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 985-1013.
Pollak, A., Hersberger, J., & Webb, S. (2021, May). The role of human information behavior in resilience and recovery. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of CAIS/Actes du congrès annuel de l'ACSI.
Pustakasari, E. N. I. (2014). Hubungan spiritualitas dengan resiliensi survivor remaja pasca bencana erupsi Gunung Kelud di Desa Pandansari-Ngantang-Kabupaten Malang (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim).
Rahmawati, B. D., Listiyandini, R. A., & Rahmatika, R. (2018). Gambaran resiliensi psikologis remaja panti asuhan. Psychological Resilience Profile of Adolescents Living at Social Shelter.
Rahmawati, S. W. (2014). Role of religiousness/spirituality in the resilience of fisheries college cadets. Journal of educational, health and community psychology, 3(1),
Razali, A., Madon, Z., & Hassan, M. S. (2021). Women and substance abuse: Examining the factors influencing relapse. Asian Women, 37(3), 51-73.
Reis, L. A. D., & Menezes, T. M. D. O. (2017). Religiosity and spirituality as resilience strategies among long-living older adults in their daily lives. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 70(4), 761– 766. https:// doi.org/10.1590/0034- 7167-2016-0630
Resnick, B., Gwyther, L. P., & Roberto, K. A. (2018). Resilience in ageing: Concepts, research, and outcomes (2nd ed.). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing
Rondonuwu, H. C. P., & Huwae, A. (2023). Optimisme dan kualitas hidup pada mantan pecandu narkoba. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(2), 238-252. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v3i2.315
Sánchez-Teruel, D., Robles-Bello, M. A., & Camacho-Conde, J. A. (2020). Resilience and the variables that encourage it in young sub-Saharan Africans who migrate. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105622.
Shelton, C. D., Hein, S., & Phipps, K. A. (2019). Resilience and spirituality: A mixed methods exploration of executive stress. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 28(2), 399-416.
Shuja, K. H., Aqeel, M., Abbas, J., Rehna, T., Ziapour, A., Yousaf, I., & Karamat, T. (2021). The influence of illness perception, anxiety and depression disorders on students’ mental health during COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan: a web-based cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare.
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung Alfabeta, CV
Syukrowardi, D. A., Wichaikull, S., & von Bormann, S. (2017). Spirituality is an internal protective factor of resilience in children after exposing flood. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 5(4), 1474–1479. https://doi.org/10.18203/ 2320- 6012.ijrms20171249
Syukrowardi, D. A., Wichaikull, S., & Von Bormann, S. (2017). Spirituality is an internal protective factor of resilience in children after exposing flood. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 5(4), 1474-1479.
Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 143, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5062).
Utami, P. (2015). Resiliensi pada mantan pengguna narkoba. Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau: Riau
Walpita, Y. N., & Arambepola, C. (2020). High resilience leads to better work performance in nurses: Evidence from South Asia. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(2), 342–350. https:// doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12930
Watkins, T. L., Simpson, C., Cofield, S. S., Davies, S., Kohler, C., & Usdan, S. (2016). The relationship of religiosity, spirituality, substance abuse, and depression among black men who have sex with men (MSM). Journal of Religion and Health, 55(1), 255–268. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10943-015- 0101-y
Wright, D., Tovar?Murray, D., Noel Jr, T., & Chennault, R. (2022). A phenomenological analysis of invisibility syndrome in formerly incarcerated Black men. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 50(2), 46-58
Copyright (c) 2024 Dimas Dwi Nugroho, Arthur Huwae

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.